May 2022
Emerging Comorbidities in Heart Failure
Antonio Cittadini, Hector O. Ventura, Editors
Heart failure (HF), a complex clinical syndrome characterized by cardinal symptoms and signs, represents an intriguing clinical challenge for cardiologists and physicians, considering its increase in prevalence, incidence, hospitalizations, and death; furthermore, the recent COVID-19 outbreak created novel needs in the everyday clinical practice, with the necessity of ideate new strategies of management. In this context, HF patients display several chronic coexisting diseases, strongly impacting on morbidity, mortality, and health-related quality of life.4,5 In addition, the presence of comorbidities determines a more complex clinical management leading to increasing health care costs.